Fu Shuai, Hu Wantai, Zhang Zhengtao

Keywords： Urbanism; People-oriented Dimension; Urban Streets; Urban Design

Abstract：

Urbanism has provided scientific and efficient basis and methods for urban planning practice，especially in the new period of advocating urban health and dealing with climate problem all over the world. Its essential values such as compact configuration，land use mix，walkable neighborhood，people-oriented dimension，public transportation and history conservation etc. have played important guiding roles for city sustainable development. The dimension of street space should be suitable for walking，thus to improve people’s health conditions; reduce vehicle uses thus to decrease pollutions. In this context，the paper takes the UK as an example with the highest proportion of non-motor trips in Europe，to introduce three core elements of street design: carriageway，public realm and walking & cycling，and compares with China in corresponding contents; finally， the paper proposes suggestions for improving streets design in China. 

Funds：

• [1] 彼得· 卡尔索普. 气候变化之际的城市主义[M]. 彭卓见, 译. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012. 

  [2] Certeau Michel de. The Practice of Everyday Life[M]. University of California Press, 1984. 

  [3] 简· 雅各布斯. 美国大城市的死与生[M]. 金衡山, 译. 南京: 译林出版社, 2006. 

  [4] OECD, Safety of Vulnerable Road Users[M]. OECD Publishing, 2000. 

  [5] 吉尔· 格兰特. 良好社区规划——新城市主义的理论与实践[M]. 叶齐茂, 等, 译. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2010. 

  [6] Wendel-Vos G C W, Schuit A Jantine, et al.. Factors of the Physical Environmental Associated with Walking and Bicycling[J]. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2004, 36 (4): 725-730. 

  [7] Badland HM, Schofield GM. Transport, Urban Design, and Physical Activity: An Evidence-based Update[J]. Transportation Research, 2005, Part D, 10 (3): 177-196. 

  [8] Brownstone D. Key Relationships. Between the Built Environment and VMT[R]. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 2008. 

  [9] Saelens BE, Handy SL. Built Environment Correlates of Walking: A Review[J]. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2008, 40 (S): 550-566. 

  [10] Salon D, Boarnet S, et al.. How Do Local Actions Affect VMT? A Critical Review of the Empirical Evidence[J]. Transportation Research Part D - Transport and Environment, 2012, 17 (7): 495-508. 

  [11] Driving and the Built Environment: The Effects of Compact Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions – Special Report 298[M]. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, 2009. 

  [12] Andrews C. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Along the Rural-Urban Gradient[J]. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2008, 51 (6): 847-870. 

  [13] Welsh Assembly Government, Great Britain Dept for Communities and Local Government, Great Britain Dept for Transport. Manual for Streets 1[S]. London: Thomas Telford, 2007. 

  [14] 住房和城乡建设部. 城市道路交叉口规划规范 (GB50647-2011)[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2011. 

  [15] 住房和城乡建设部. 城市道路工程设计规范 (CJJ37-2012)[S]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012. 

  [16] 重庆市城市交通规划设计研究所. 山地城乡规划标准体系研究——城乡道路、交通规划标准的山地适应性研究[R]. 重庆市城市交通规划设计研究所, 2012. 

  [17] 住房和城乡建设部. 城市道路交通规划设计规范 (GB50220-95)[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 1995.