张驰 张京祥 陈眉舞

Zhang Chi, Zhang Jingxiang, Chen Meiwu

关键词：荷兰；乡村规划；土地整理；土地开发；空间规划

Keywords：The Netherlands; Rural Planning; Land Consolidation; Land Development; Spatial Planning

摘要：

与欧洲其他很多国家不同，荷兰因为地少人多的基本国情而与我国存在较多相似之处，但较之我国却拥有更为优越的乡村生态环境和产业化前景。本文缘于荷兰在乡村规划上的悠久传统和积极表现，聚焦于荷兰城乡规划体系中的乡村规划视角，从土地整理与开发、空间规划这两大层面梳理与剖析其乡村地区发展规划的演变历程和理念转向，由此获得中国乡村地区规划建设可资借鉴的若干经验启示，主要包括城乡共生多规融合、土地开发模式创新、土地权属深化探索、乡村发展多元共治等。

Abstract：

The Netherlands is similar to China to a large extent in terms of high density of population and the lack of per capita arable land, but it has better rural environment and stronger agriculture industry due to its prominent and experienced rural planning. This paper introduces the historical development of Dutch rural planning and discusses the relationship between Dutch urban and rural planning. The rural land consolidation, rural land development and spatial planning are discussed to analyze the evolution of Dutch planning philosophy in rural areas. It is expected that the paper can provide some experience to the rural planning and construction in China, such as multiple planning integration, innovation of land development, land property transaction system reform and diversity of rural governance.

张驰，南京大学建筑与城市规划学院本科生，荷兰乌得勒支大学国际交流生

张京祥，博士，南京大学建筑与城市规划学院，教授、博导

陈眉舞（通信作者），博士，南京大学城市规划设计研究院，高级规划师，政策研究室副主任。cmw2000@163.com

• [1] 张晋石. 20 世纪荷兰乡村景观发展概述[J]. 风景园林, 2013, 4: 61-66.

  [2] 廖蓉, 杜官印. 荷兰土地整理对我国土地整理发展的启示[J]. 中国国土资源经济, 2004, 17(9): 25-27.

  [3] 叶齐茂. 那里的农村社区发展有四个主题——欧盟十国农村建设见闻录二[J]. 小城镇建设, 2006, 11: 88-95.

  [4] 王晓俊, 王建国. 兰斯塔德与“绿心”——荷兰西部城市群开放空间的保护与利用[J]. 规划师, 2006, 22(3): 90-93.

  [5] 谢盈盈. 荷兰兰斯塔德“绿心”——巨型公共绿地空间案例经验[J]. 北京规划建设, 2010, 3: 64-69.

  [6] Van den Brink A, Molema M. The Origins of Dutch Rural Planning: A Study of the Early History of Land Consolidation in the Netherlands[J]. Planning Perspectives, 2008, 23(4): 427-453.

  [7] Manten A A. Fifty Years of Rural Landscape Planning in the Netherlands[J]. Landscape Planning, 1975, 2: 197-217.

  [8] Van der Valk A. The Dutch Planning Experience[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2002, 58(2): 201-210.

  [9] 于立. 控制型规划和指导型规划及未来规划体系的发展趋势——以荷兰与英国为例[J]. 国际城市规划, 2011, 5: 56-65.

  [10] Grossman M R, Brussaard W. Planning, Development, and Management: Three Steps in the Legal Protection of Dutch Agricultural Land[J]. Washburn Law Journal, 1988, 28: 86-149.

  [11] Haartsen T, Huigen P P P, Groote P. Rural Areas in the Netherlands[J]. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 2003, 94(1): 129-136.

  [12] Netherlands’ Managing Office for the Rural Development Programme. Netherlands’ Rural Development Strategy 2007-2013[R/OL]. (2006-08)[2014-07-12]. http://www.regiebureau-pop.eu/nl/english/.

  [13] Buitelaar E, Galle M, Sorel N. Plan-led Planning Systems in Developmentled Practices: An Empirical Analysis into the (Lack of) Institutionalisation of Planning Law[J]. Environment and Planning-Part A, 2011, 43(4): 928-941.

  [14] United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision[R/OL]. United Nations, Population Estimates and Projections Section, New York, (2012)[2014-07-12]. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wup/CD-ROM/Urban-Rural-Population.htm.

  [15] Grossman M R, Brussaard W. Land Shuffle: Reallocation of Agricultural Land Under the Land Development Law in the Netherlands[J]. California Western International Law Journal, 1987, 18: 209-289.

  [16] VROM. The Land Development Act, New Regulations for the Development of Building Locations[R]. The Hague: The Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment, 2007.

  [17] 谭荣. 荷兰农地非农化中政府的强势角色及启示[J]. 中国土地科学, 2009, 23(12): 70-74.

  [18] Kees van der Vaart. Development in Land Consolidation in the Netherlands[R/OL]. (2012-05-09)[2014-07-12]. http://japan.nlembassy.org/appendices/lnv/development-in-the-land-consolidation-in-the-netherlands.html.

  [19] Needham B. Land Readjustment in the Netherlands[R]. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy，Cambridge Mass: Paper for the Land Readjustment Workshop, 2002.

  [20] Doevendans K, L?rzing H, Schram A. From Modernist Landscapes to New Nature: Planning of Rural Utopias in the Netherlands[J]. Landscape Research, 2007, 32(3): 333-354.

  [21] 李琳. 欧盟国家的“紧凑”策略：以英国和荷兰为例[J]. 国际城市规划, 2008, 23(6): 6-11.

  [22] Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment. Spatial Planning Calendar[EB/OL]. (2013-07-04)[2014-07-12]. http://www.government.nl/issues/spatial-planning-and-infrastructure/documents-and-publications/leaflets/2013/07/04/spatial-planning-calendar.html.

  [23] Tan R, Beckmann V, van den Berg L, et al. Governing Farmland Conversion: Comparing China with the Netherlands and Germany[J]. Land Use Policy, 2009, 26(4): 961-974.

  [24] Needham B. Dutch Land Use Planning: Planning and Managing Land Use in the Netherlands, the Principles and the Practice[M]. Den Haag: Sdu Uitgevers, 2007. 

  [25] 周其仁. 土地的市场流转不可阻挡——城乡中国系列评论（72）[N]. 经济观察报, 2013-12-23(47).

  [26] Shetter W. Z. The Netherlands in Perspective: The Organization of Society and Environment[M]. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1986: 97-103.

  [27] 叶齐茂. 那里农村社区发展有四条值得借鉴的经验——欧盟十国农村建设见闻录四[J]. 小城镇建设, 2007, 1: 43-44.

  [28] Le Grand L, van Meekeren M. Urban–Rural Relations: Dutch Experiences of the Leader+ Network and Rural Innovation in Areas Under Strong Urban Influences[C]. Proceedings of the Conference“ Rurality Near the City”, Leuven. 2008: 7-8.

  
  

• 收起