关键词：食物簇；2015 米兰世博会联合馆；设计导则； 可持续设计；人流模拟
Keywords：Cluster; Union Pavilion of 2015 Milano EXPO; Design Guideline; Sustainable Design; Mobility Simulation
摘要：
“食物簇”是2015米兰世博会中联合馆的组织模式，是本次世博会的一次历史性创新。本文记录了2015米兰世博会联合馆的组织模式、设计导则、工作坊设计成果等3个环环相扣的内容，呈现了一次设计创新的总体过程。首先，米兰世博会联合馆组织方创新地提出以9种食物作为议题来组织联合馆，种植某种食物的国家共同分享一个联合馆展区、形成对话，突破了长久以来以大洲分类的联合馆组织模式。继而，组织者提供了设计导则，对9个食物簇的主题、参展国家、设计条件进行了详细的规定，其中可持续设计和人流模拟两个内容反映了设计导则的最新趋势。第三部分，27个来自全球的设计师团队为每个食物簇提交3个方案共计27个方案，在设计导则约束前提下充分发挥了自由创作的潜力。本文结论是，创新概念、导则约束、自由创作3个内容构成了一个设计创新的必要过程。
Abstract：
“Cluster” is the organizational model of 2015 Milan Expo Union Pavilions, also an historic innovation. This article documents 3 parts of an overall design innovation process of 2015 Milan Expo Union Pavilion, which included organizational model, design guidelines, 27 detailed designs of the clusters. First, the Milan Expo Union Pavilion organizers put forward an concept of “Cluster” to organize joint pavilions, to dialogue according to a certain food, instead of the tradition of joining countries by continents. Secondly, the organizer provides design guidelines, which included topics, participating countries lists, the design constrains of nine food clusters theme. Sustainable design and mobility simulation reflected the latest trends of the design guideline. Thirdly, 27 teams from around the world submitted 27 programs, 3 proposals for each food cluster, under the constrain of design guidelines, also full of creative freedoms. The conclusion is that a design innovation process needs an innovative concept, design guideline, diversified creation.