郭洪旭 黄莹 赵黛青 肖荣波

Guo Hongxu, Huang Ying, Zhao Daiqing, Xiao Rongbo

关键词：城市空间紧凑度；评价指标体系；格网法；广州天河区

Keywords：Urban Compactness; Assessment Index System; Grid Method; Guangzhou Tianhe District

摘要：

本文以广州市天河区为研究对象，利用高分辨率遥感影像数据提取建筑空间信息并进行分类。在此基础上，构建城市空间紧凑度评价指标体系，对研究区的紧凑特征进行评价，得出以下主要结论：（1）研究使用的建筑信息提取和分类方法简单易行，获取的城市建筑空间属性信息准确，能有效应用于城市空间紧凑度的分析；（2）研究构建的评价指标体系能有效表征城市不同功能区的物理空间、功能布局以及社会组织紧凑程度的差异；其中，人口净密度是评价城市空间紧凑度的关键指标；（3）产业密集的工商业地区以及交通主干道附近区域的空间紧凑度更高，商业用地与居住用地的适度混合有助于提高城市空间的紧凑度。城市各功能区空间紧凑度大小依次是中心商业区>次级商业区>普通商业区>一般街区。

Abstract：

High-resolution remote sensing data of Guangzhou Tianhe district is used to extract building by object-oriented method. Then, the extracted information is used as one of basic data to identify an assessment indices system for measuring urban compactness in the study area. The main results are as following: (1) the method which is used to extract and classify the building information is simple, accurate, reliable and easy to use for urban compactness analysis. (2) The assessment index system which we constructed is an expeditious means to express the difference of physical space, functional layout, and social activity compactness in the different functional zones. Net residential density and population density are key factors to evaluate urban compactness among the assessment indices. (3) The spaces are more compact in the densely built areas of commercial and industrial sites, and the mix of commercial and residential land is helpful to promote compact development. The space of central business district is more compact, followed by secondary business district, ordinary business district and common block.

郭洪旭，广东省环境科学研究院，哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院深圳市城市规划与决策仿真重点实验室
黄莹（通信作者），中国科学院广州能源研究所
赵黛青，中国科学院广州能源研究所
肖荣波，广东省环境科学研究院

• [1] Fung K L. Urban Sprawl in China: Some Causative Factors[M] // Ma L J C, Hanten E W. Urban Development in Modern China. Colorado: West View Press, 1981: 194-221.
  [2] Wu F,Yeh Anthony G O. Urban Spatial Structure in a Transitional Economy: The Case of Guangzhou, China[J]. Journal of the American Planning Association, 1999, 65: 377-394.
  [3] Chu K Y, Yeung Y M. Guangdong: Survey of a Province Undergoing Rapid Change[M]. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1994.
  [4] 陆大道. 我国的城镇化进程与空间扩张[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2007, 4: 47-52.
  [5] 仇保兴. 紧凑度和多样性——我国城市可持续发展的核心理念[J]. 城市规划, 2006, 11: 18-24.
  [6] Elizabeth B, Mike J. Katie W E B, Mike J. Achieving Sustainable Urban Form[M]. London and New York: E & FN Spon, 2000: 347.
  [7] Cole J P. Study of Major and Minor Civil Division in Pllitical Geography[M]. Miemgraphed, 1960.
  [8] Gibbs J P. Urban Research Methods[M]. New York, 1961.
  [9] Richardson H W. The Economics of Urban Size Lexinon. Mass, 1973.
  [10] Bertaud Stephen M A. The Spatial Distribution of Population in 35 World Cities: the Role of Markets, Planning and Topography[J]. Center for Urban Land Economics Research, 1999.
  [11] Nguyen X T, Bernd H, et al. Evaluation of Urban Land-use Structures with a View to Sustainable Development[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2002, 22: 475-492.
  [12] Hanson R Galster G, Ratcliffe M R, et al. Wrestling Sprawl to the Ground: Defining and Measuring an Elusive Concept[J]. Housing Policy Debate, 2001, 4: 681-717.
  [13] Elizabeth B. Measuring Urban Compactness in UK Towns and Cities[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2002, 29: 219-250.
  [14] Tsai Y H. Quantifying Urban Form: Compactness versus "Sprawl"[J]. Urban Studies, 2005, 42: 141-161.
  [15] Schwarz N. Urban form Revisited-selecting Indicators for Characterising European Cities[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2010, 96: 29-47.
  [16] 马丽, 金凤君. 中国城市化发展的紧凑度评价分析[J]. 地理科学进展, 2011, 30:1014-1020.
  [17] 郭腾云, 董冠鹏. 基于GIS和DEA的特大城市空间紧凑度与城市效率分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2009, 4: 482-490.
  [18] 陈海燕, 贾倍思. 紧凑还是分散?——对中国城市在加速城市化进程中发展方向的思考[J]. 城市规划, 2006, 5: 61-69.
  [19] Mylxr S. Remote Sensing Monitoring and Driving Force Analysis of Urban Expansion in Guangzhou City, China[J]. Habitat International, 2010, 2: 228-235.
  [20] 广东省地图出版社. 广州市地图册[M]. 广州: 广东省地图出版社, 2010.
  [21] 邓书斌. ENVI遥感图像处理方法[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010: 211-232.
  [22] 方创琳, 祁魏锋. 紧凑城市理念与测度研究进展及思考[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2007, 4: 65-73.
  [23] 郭洪旭, 赵黛青, 黄莹. 城市居住人口空间分布的模拟研究——以广州市天河区为例[J]. 热带地理, 2013, 33: 81-87.

• 收起