马丁·贾菲

Martin Jaffe

关键词：美国土地用途管制；发展历程；区划（法）；理性规划；形态条例；环境保护

Keywords：Land Use Control in the USA; Historical Review; Zoning; Rational Planning; Form-based Code; Environmental Protection

摘要：

本文主要回顾了美国土地用途管制的发展历程，从20世纪上半叶的区划（法），经由二战后的理性规划和1970年代的历史保护和美学管制，发展到1990年代的新都市主义和形态条例。进入21世纪后，随着生态环境保护日益成为主流，美国土地用途管制正逐渐向19世纪去中心化的传统回归。

Abstract：

This paper makes a historical review of land use control in the USA. It has experienced the development from zoning in the first half of the 20th Century, through rational planning after WWII and later historic preservation and aesthetic regulation, to new urbanism and form-based code in the 1990s. In the 21st Century, land use control in the USA pays more attention to the environmental protection and is embracing the regulatory philosophies of decentralization in the 19th Century.

马丁·贾菲，美国伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校荣休副教授。mjaffe@uic.edu

于洋，中国人民大学公共管理学院城市规划与管理系，助理教授，硕士生导师。yuyang319@ruc.edu.cn

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