周恺 张潇丹

Zhou Kai, Zhang Xiaodan

关键词：英国；规划管理；法规体系；开发控制；单体住宅

Keywords：Britain; Planning Management; Legislation; Development Control; House

摘要：

在我国城乡规划体系中，对单体住宅建设活动的规划管理尚未形成完善的制度体系。在城市中，常常出现户主对单体住宅（别墅）进行加建、改建甚至拆除重建的争议行为。虽然规划部门认为有必要介入干预，但由于缺乏管理依据，管理中对于其行为的违法认定、执法标准和管控措施均不明确。而在乡村区域，单体住宅（自建房）建设尚处于相对自发和随意的状态，导致乡村公共空间、环境和景观常被缺乏管控的自建活动破坏，传统风貌的保护和延续更加无从下手。在城乡居住建筑形式均以单体住宅（包括独立式住宅、双拼住宅和联排住宅）为主的英国，经过百余年的规划和建筑管理发展后，形成了一套成熟、有效的管控单体住宅的法规体系和策略方法，并在地方层面形成了对单体住宅的规划审批、设计施工管理。本文通过介绍英国在管控单体住宅建设活动方面的立法演变、程序设计和策略方法，希望以此作为我国未来制度建设的参考性资料。笔者认为，英国体系对单体住宅进行的“规划和建筑的协同管理”、“许可审批范围设定”和“授权第三方参与管理”的经验值得我国规划部门借鉴。

Abstract：

Planning system in China has not provided an effective planning legislation for regulating building activities of householder projects. In urban areas, single-house (bie shu) owners sometimes wish to renovate, extend, adjust or rebuild their properties, which have become an issue for planning management since legislation for development control is not in position. While in rural areas, the (re)building of houses (zi jian fang) is usually emerging spontaneously and hardly-intervened, which causes the lack of management of public space, environment protection, traditional landscape and townscape. House is the major residential housing type in Britain, and British legislation for development control has set a good example for such issue with hundreds years’ experience. By introducing the evolution, strategies and methods for house development control in planning legislation of Britain, this paper hopes to provide reference for future legislation in China. We found the ‘coordination of planning and building controls’, ‘limited permit requirement’ and ‘third-party involvement’ in their system is worth noticing. And similar approach could also be applied to the planning management of the rebuilding or extension of individual house urban areas.

周恺，英国曼彻斯特大学博士，湖南大学建筑学院城乡规划系，副教授，系主任。zhoukai_nju@hotmail.com

张潇丹，湖南大学建筑学院城乡规划系，硕士研究生

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