沈尧

Shen Yao

关键词：时空动态；空间句法；行动轨迹；共现强度；机动性；高频城市

Keywords：Spatiotemporality; Space Syntax; Trajectories; Co-presence; Mobility; High-frequency City

摘要：

当今的数字社会发展促使我们开始关注更加高频的城市现象，并可以寻找这些现象的空间逻辑以提高未来规划设计的动态效应。空间句法是城市设计过程中一种对于城市空间结构的认知方法，在过去20 年被广泛应用于西方城市设计的研究与实践，并积累了丰富的研究成果。然而，作为一种经典的描述性模型，传统的空间句法模型很难应对规划设计实践中面临的动态性社会问题。本研究提出了一种在新的数据条件下研究城市空间组构动态效应的方法框架。通过将轨迹数据与传统组构分析的方法框架相结合，提出新的组构中心性概念——时空共现强度，并介绍了相关的指标来量化人们时空行为在不同时段的几何属性及其模式，以探索动态的城市组构分析理论与方法。本文所提出的动态的空间句法框架暗示着从一种静态的、只关注物理空间的城市组构研究向一种动态的、更关注人的行为空间的城市组构研究转变的趋势，揭示了充分利用当前数据环境并将城市设计作为一种动态城市空间功能性提升的有效手段在未来城市设计中的积极意义。

Abstract：

Urban digitalisation is currently drawing extensive attention on the socioeconomic performance in the high-frequency cities and its spatial logics for improving the spatiotemporal effectiveness of spatial interventions that are proposed. In the past decades, configurational analysis provided an ideology/methodology of decoding urban form and its relation to various functionality, which has been widely adopted in the urban studies and planning and design practice in the West. As a mainstream of configurational studies, space syntax delivered a novel way to model the spatial configuration and demonstrated a series of robust relationships between spatial centralities and urban performance. However, as a descriptive model, traditional space syntax model can hardly be used in planning and design processes to address temporal social issues that are emerging temporally. Based on space syntax model, this paper introduces a new method to quantify the spatiotemporal centralities of the spatial configuration, which is sensed via the urban flow data. The delivered method is called co-presence intensity, a dynamic concept in space syntax, to measure various geometric centralities and the emergent modes of humans’trajectories constrained by the spatial configuration. The findings in this paper demonstrate a trend to a dynamic, temporal, flow-focused configurational research from a static, aggregated, form-focused space syntax analysis. This work also implies that urban design, empowered by the proposed configurational analysis technology, can be considered as a social instrument for improving urban spatial functionality during a much short time period than before. This article ends with a discussion about how space syntax could be reconstructed in the new digital society facilitated by the new data environment.

沈尧，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院城市规划系，伦敦大学学学院巴特雷特高等空间分析中心。eshenyao@tongji.edu.cn

• [1] VIRILIO P. Speed and information: cyberspace alarm![J]. Ctheory, 1995, 18(3): 8-27.

  [2] URRY J. Sociology beyond societies: mobilities for the twenty-first century[M]. Routledge, 2012.

  [3] WEBSTER F. Theories of the information society[M]. Routledge, 2014.

  [4] BATTY M. Digital twins[J]. Environment and Planning B, 2018, 45(5): 817-820.

  [5] WILDFIRE C. How can we spearhead city-scale digital twins?[J/OL]. Infrastructure Intelligence. (2018)[2018-0803]. www.infrastructureintelligence.com/article/may-2018/how-can-we-spearhead-city-scaledigitaltwins.

  [6] BATTY M. The new science of cities[M]. Mit Press, 2013.

  [7] HILLIER B, PENN A, HANSON J, et al. Natural movement: or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 1993, 20(1): 29-66.

  [8] HILLIER B, IIDA S. Network and psychological ef fects in urban movement[C]. International Conference on Spatial Information Theory. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005: 475-490.

  [9] TURNER A, PENN A. Encoding natural movement as an agent-based system: an investigation into human pedestrian behaviour in the built environment[J]. Environment and planning B: Planning and Design, 2002, 29(4): 473-490.

  [10] TURNER A. Analysing the visual dynamics of spatial morphology[J]. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 2003, 30(5): 657-676.

  [11] HILLIER B. Cities as movement economies[J]. Urban Design International, 1996, 1(1): 41-60.

  [12] HILLIER B. Spatial sustainability in cities: organic patterns and sustainable forms[C]. Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 2009.

  [13] YANG T, HILLIER B. The fuzzy boundary: the spatial definition of urban areas[C]. Proceedings, 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, ?stanbul, 2007.

  [14] HILLIER B, TURNER A, YANG T, et al, Metric and topo-geometric properties of urban street networks: some convergences, divergences and new results[J]. Journal of Space Syntax, 2010, 1(2): 258-279.

  [15] PENN A. Space syntax and spatial cognition: or why the axial line?[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2003, 35(1): 30-65.

  [16] HILLIER B, SHINICHI I. Network and psychological effects in urban movement[C]. International Conference on Spatial Information Theory. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2005.

  [17] JIANG B, TAO J. Agent-based simulation of human movement shaped by the underlying street structure[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 2011, 25(1): 51-64.

  [18] VAUGHAN L. The spatial syntax of urban segregation[J]. Progress in Planning, 2007, 67(3): 199-294.

  [19] VAUGHAN L, CLARK D L C, SAHBAZ O, et al. Space and exclusion: does urban morphology play a part in social deprivation?[J]. Area, 2005, 37(4): 402-412.

  [20] LEFEBVRE H. The production of space[M]. Vol. 142. Blackwell: Oxford, 1991.

  [21] PEPONIS J, ROSS C, RASHID M. The structure of urban space, movement and co-presence: the case of Atlanta[J]. Geoforum, 1997, 28(3/4): 341-358.

  [22] HILLIER B, HANSON J. The social logic of space[M]. Cambridge University Press, 1989.

  [23] ITO M, OKABE D. Intimate visual co-presence[C]. 2005 Ubiquitous Computing Conference, 2005.

  [24] MITCHELL D. The end of public space? people’s park, definitions of the public, and democracy[J]. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 1995, 85(1): 108-133.

  [25] JACOBS J. The death and life of American cities[M]. New York: Random House, 1961.

  [26] BACKSTROM L, SUN E, MARLOW C. Find me if you can: improving geographical prediction with social and spatial proximity[C]. Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on World Wide Web. ACM, 2010: 61-70.

  [27] KOSTAKOS V, O’NEILL E, PENN A, et al. Brief encounters: sensing, modeling and visualizing urban mobility and copresence networks[C]. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 2010.

  [28] TURNER A. Angular analysis[C]. Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Space Syntax. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001.

  [29] MARCUS L, LEGEBY A. The need for co-presence in urban complexity: measuring social capital using space syntax[C]. Eigth International Space Syntax Symposium, 2012.

  [30] HILLIER W R G, YANG T, TURNER A. Normalising least angle choice in depthmap-and how it opens up new perspectives on the global and local analysis of city space[J]. Journal of Space syntax, 2012, 3(2): 155-193.

  [31] WU L, ZHI Y, SUI Z, et al. Intra-urban human mobility and activity transition: evidence from social media check-in data[J]. PloS one, 2014, 9(5): e97010.

  [32] SHEN Y, KARIMI K. Urban function connectivity: characterisation of functional urban streets with social media check-in data[J]. Cities, 2016(55): 9-21.

  
  

• 收起