罗朝璇 童昕 黄婧娴

Luo Zhaoxuan, Tong Xin, Huang Jingxian

关键词：“零废弃”运动；循环利用；城市废物管理系统；生产者责任延伸制 ；马尔默

Keywords：Zero Waste Movement; Recycling; Urban Waste Management System; Extended Producer Responsibility; Malm?

摘要：

?城市“零废弃”运动是近年来兴起的、旨在通过促进废物的减量化和循环利用，重建可持续并且有活力的社区环境的系列努力。本文以瑞典马尔默市的两个不同阶层聚居的城市更新社区“西港 Bo01” 和“奥古斯滕堡生态城”为例，介绍不同层级的相关主体在这一运动中，从规划有助于社区居民开展垃圾分类的行为空间、建设针对不同废物流的循环处理公共设施，以及重新界定废物管理责任的划分机制几个方面入手，逐步深入推进循环经济系统转型的过程。结论针对我国目前城市循环经济体系建设中存在的现实问题，就新技术的适用性、城市废物管理系统变革和生产者责任延伸制度三方面总结借鉴马尔默的经验。

Abstract：

Zero Waste movement has been embraced by local communities in many cities to regain sustainability and vitality through waste prevention and recycling in recent years. This paper takes two communities, Bo01 in V?stra Hamnen and Augustenborg, in the city of Malm? in Sweden as the examples to illustrate the cross scale efforts by various stakeholders in building the recycling common space in local communities. The efforts include building pro-recycling environment in neighborhoods, planning recycling facilities for separated waste streams at the municipal level, and redefining the responsibility in waste management in the legal system. The conclusion provides several implications to the urban circular economy policy in China.

罗朝璇，北京大学城市与环境学院硕士研究生。luozhaoxuan@pku.edu.cn
童昕（通信作者），博士，北京大学城市与环境学院副教授。tongxin@urban.pku.edu.cn
黄婧娴，瑞典隆德大学人文地理系

• [1] HOORNWEG D, BHADA-TATA P. What a waste: a global review of solid waste management [G/OL]. (2012-03)[2018-04-20]. http://
  siteresources.worldbank.org/INTURBANDEVELOPMENT/Resources/336387-1334852610766/What_a_Waste2012_Final.pdf.
  [2] UNEP & UNITAR. Guidelines for national waste management strategies: moving from challenges to opportunities [M/OL]. (2015)[2018-04-20]. http://cwm.unitar.org/national-profiles/publications/cw/wm/UNEP_UNITAR_NWMS_English.pdf.
  [3] PALMER P. Getting to zero waste[M]. Portland: Purple Sky Press, 2004.
  [4] Zero Waste Europe. Network of European zero waste municipalities: list of commited cities / municipalities[EB/OL]. (2018)[2018-04-20]. www.zerowasteeurope.eu.
  [5] ZAMAN A U. A comprehensive review of the development of zero waste management: lessons learned and guidelines[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2015, 91:12-25.
  [6] COLE C, OSMANI M, QUDDUS M, et al. Towards a zero waste strategy for an English local authority[J]. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 2014, 89: 64-75.
  [7] LASARIDI K. Implementing the landfill directive in Greece: problems, perspectives and lessons to be learned[J]. The Geographical Journal, 2009, 175(4): 261-273.
  [8] AVFALL S. Hush?llsavfall – behandlad och insamlad m?ngd [EB/OL]. (2018)[2018-04-12]. https://www.avfallsverige.se/kunskapsbanken/avfallsstatistik/hushallsavfall/.
  [9] 邹升平 . 中国与瑞典经济制度比较研究 [D]. 大连理工大学 , 2011.
  [10] WHEELER K. Nice save: the moral economies of recycling in England and Sweden[J]. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 2014, 32(4): 704-720.
  [11] ANDERBERG S, CLARK E. Green and sustainable ?resund region: Eco-branding Copenhagen and Malm?[M] // IGOR V. Urban sustainability: a global perspective. Michigan State University Press, 2013: 591-610.
  [12] SMEDBY N, NEIJ L. Experiences in urban governance for sustainability: the constructive dialogue in Swedish municipalities[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2013, 50: 148-158.
  [13] JAMISON A, BAARK E. National shades of green: comparing the Swedish and Danish styles in ecological modernisation[J]. Environmental Values, 1999, 8(2): 199-218.
  [14] WAMSLER C, LUEDERITZ C, BRINK E. Local levers for change: mainstreaming ecosystem-based adaptation into municipal planning to foster sustainability transitions[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2014, 29: 189-201.
  [15] HOLGERSEN S. Exploring urban development in Malm? City through discourses on change [J]. Pondering on Methods, 2012:137-150.
  [16] K?RRHOLM M. The scaling of sustainable urban form: a case of scale-related issues and sustainable planning in Malm?, Sweden [J]. European Planning Studies, 2011, 19(1): 97-112.
  [17] Ecodistricts. Augustenborg, Sweden: neighborhood case study [R/OL]. (2013-05)[2018-04-12] http:// ecodistricts.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Augustenborg.pdf.
  [18] Sysav. Annual report 2016[R/OL].(2017)[2018-4-12], https://www.sysav.se/globalassets/media/filer-och-dokument/informationsmaterial-broschyrer-arsredovisningar-faktablad-rapporter-etc/broschyrer-och-arsredovisningar-pa-andra-sprak/sysav-ar2016-eng.pdf.
  [19] KHETRIWAL D S, KRAEUCHI P, WIDEMER R. Producer responsibility for e-waste management: key issues for consideration – learning from the Swiss experience[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2009, 90(1): 153-165.
  [20] 童昕 , 颜琳 . 可持续转型与延伸生产者责任制度 [J]. 中国人口资源与环境 , 2012, 22(8): 48-54.
  [21] 童昕 , 陶栋艳 , 冯凌 , 等 . 可持续转型社区行动 : 社区生活垃圾分类实验及反思 [J]. 北京大学学报 ( 自然科学版 ), 2018, 54(1): 207-217.

• 收起