刘凌波 彭正洪 吴昊

Liu Lingbo, Peng Zhenghong, Wu Hao

关键词：大数据；自然城市；长尾法则；位序—规模；H/T 断裂点法；不规则三角网格

Keywords：Big Data; Natural Cities; Long Tail Rule; Rank-Size; Head/Tail Breaks; TIN

摘要：

城市规模等级及边界研究一直以来都是城市研究的重要内容，但仅凭传统的人口与经济规模统计数据通常无法精准界定，越来越多的研究开始引入灯光遥感、手机信令、道路交叉口以及基于位置的社会网络（LBSN）等新数据界定城市边界，以自下而上的方式测度城市规模，可仍然存在数据表征性不强和缺乏分级标准两个问题，因此有学者通过H/T断裂点法来进行城市规模等级划分及边界界定。研究以反映丰富经济活动的兴趣点（POI）为数据，构建不规则三角网格（TIN），引入H/T 断裂点法分级方法，对中国大陆城市的自然城市规模进行了测度和等级划分。通过与传统社会经济数据、开放数据的对比，以POITIN城市刻画方法和H/T 断裂点法生成的自然城市边界反映了相对真实的聚居规模，遵循了位序—规模的齐普夫（Zipf）分布规律，为具有长尾序列和分形结构的城市规模自然分级提供了科学方法。研究验证了该方法在自然城市规模测度和分级中具备推广性，在精度及真实数据获取性方面有较大优势，对城市边界划定和规模分级有重要的研究和现实意义。

Abstract：

Scale hierarchy and boundary delimitation play important roles in urban research. Traditional statistic data such as population and economic scale cannot precisely define the real status, alternatively, new data such as light remote sensing, mobile phone signaling, road intersection and location-based social network (LBSN) have been introduced recently by more and more studies, intending to delimit the built up area boundary and measure the size and scale of the city with bottom-to-up approach. However, there are still two problems: lacking dividing standards and representing feature, therefore the H/T breaks point method is provided to classify scale and define boundary for cities. Based on to make a triangular irregular network (TIN) generated by point of interest (POI) data which represents various economic activities, the H/T breaks method is applied classifying the natural city scale in mainland China. The results show that the natural city boundary based on POI reflects the relative scale and density of human settlements, the H/T breaks point classification follows the Zipf’s law in rank-size method, offers a more scientific classifying method for naturally grouping of city scale according to the long tail rule and fractal structure of natural cites. The method has promotional value on urban scale measuring and classifying, with the advantage of precision and real data acquisition.

刘凌波，博士，武汉大学城市设计学院，讲师。lingbo.liu@whu.edu.cn

彭正洪，武汉大学城市设计学院，教授，博导，副院长。pengzhenghong@whu.edu.cn

吴昊（通信作者），博士，武汉大学城市设计学院，讲师。wh79@whu.edu.cn

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