刘昭吟

Liu Chaoyin

关键词：社区营造；范式；实践；习性；底层设计

Keywords：Community Empowerment; Paradigm; Practice; Habit; Grassroots Pathway

摘要：

基于实践者和研究者的双重身份，作者试图在实践中研究和构建社区营造对于城市化范式转移的意义及社区营造的范式化挑战。相对于资本导向或政商联盟的城市化范式，作者认为社区营造是人本主义的城市化，是“使有温度、有责任心的市民产生和再生的‘底层设计’”。受惠于托马斯·库恩、皮埃尔·布迪厄和克里斯托夫·亚历山大的启发，作者指出社区营造是在“自上而下”命令式城市化范式的危机下寻找“自下而上”的契机。但其实践的真正挑战并非来自于意识，而来自于习性这一身体化实践逻辑的自动性和固执性，因此实践者创造“开始的开始”路径使新习性脱胎于旧习性，并通过制度化使新习性得以重复练习而固化。社区营造从社会实验到城市化新范式候选者，城市规划是首个回应的学科领域。作者提出赋能是城市规划新理论、新技能的关键内涵，并且是降低范式化内在矛盾的出路。

Abstract：

Being a proactive practitioner and a researcher, the author attempts to theorize community empowerment in the context of paradigm shift of urbanization through research-in-practice. Compared to the capitalist or statecommanded paradigms of urbanization, the author defines that community empowerment is a way of humanist urbanization characterized by a grassroots pathway, which generates and reproduces warm-and-responsible citizenship. Enlightened by T. S. Kuhn, P. Bourdieu and C. Alexander, the author argues that community empowerment emerges from the crisis of the existing mainstream of top-down paradigm and calls for bottom-up subjectivity. However, the true challenge to the bottom-up paradigm comes from the existing habit rather than conscious awareness. Therefore, the very beginning process needs to be designed in order to incubate the new citizenship habit which needs to be repetitively practiced via later institutionalization of empowerment. From a social experiment to a candidate for new urbanization paradigms, community empowerment brings challenges to the field of urban planning. The author proposes grassroots empowerment to be the core contents for the new urban planning. Also, grassroots empowerment may be a way of reducing the inner contradict of a paradigm.

刘昭吟，乡愁经济学堂秘书长，台湾大学建筑与城乡研究所博士

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