许红 李玉涛 郭湛

Xu Hong, Li Yutao, Guo Zhan

关键词：政府主导型停车政策；市场主导型停车政策；选择；公平；自治

Keywords：Government-oriented Parking Policy; Market-oriented Parking Policy; Choice; Equity; Autonomy

摘要：

面对停车问题，世界各国普遍采用政府配置停车资源的方式。实际上，市场配置方式可以最有效地指导停车场所的规划以及相应政策的设计，但这一方式仍未得到广泛采用。文章回顾了美国停车政策的演变史，发现其“从政府管制到市场配置”的演变趋势。但是中国介绍美国停车政策的文献大多是从政府管理角度而非从市场配置资源角度出发。于是，文章基于经济学视角对美国舒普提出的市场主导型停车政策的文献进行综述，对其进行重点介绍和阐释，同时分析政府主导型停车政策的弊端。希望能补充国内相关文献的空白，并为中国停车问题的解决提供更加广阔的思路。

Abstract：

When it comes to parking problems, governmentallocation of parking resources is the most wide-spread tool used globally. In fact, the market-allocation can be most efficient but has always been ignored. From reviewing the century-long history, this paper finds that the US parking policies have evolved“from government regulation to market allocation”. Since very few Chinese literature has studied US parking policies from the perspective of market-allocation, this paper seeks to stress this viewpoint and to explain the market-oriented parking policies proposed by Donald Shoup through literature review, while analyzing the disadvantages of government-oriented parking policies, based on economics research methods. This paper aims to contribute to relevant domestic literatures and provides inspirations on solving parking issues in China.

许红，北京交通大学经济管理学院，博士研究生。13113095@bjtu.edu.cn
李玉涛，博士，国家发展改革委综合运输研究所，副主任
郭湛，博士，纽约大学公共事务学院城市规划系，副教授，主任

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