沈尧 徐怡怡 罗伟斌 杨滔

Shen Yao, Xu Yiyi, Law Stephen, Yang Tao

关键词：地方主义；邻里发展规划；社区治理；规划体系；特大城市

Keywords：Localism; Neighbourhood Development Plan; Community Governance; Planning System; Megacity

摘要：

2011 年英国政府颁布了《地方主义法》，其出台宣告了区域空间战略的废除，邻里发展规划作为新的规划层次被引入，社区邻里成为重要的治理单元和主体。这一规划改革意味着英国城乡规划体系从自上而下单向治理模式演变为自上而下与自下而上并行的双向治理模式，进而形成了不同层级间的传导和反馈互动机制。本文首先回顾英国邻里发展规划的背景、演变与特征，对大伦敦区域邻里发展规划开展现状的空间分布差异及其影响因子进行定量测度，就典型地区的规划制定与实施特征进行对比研究，并梳理当前英国社区发展规划的得失，总结英国特大城市社区治理的路径及其对我国相关规划与建设的借鉴意义。

Abstract：

The Localism Act 2011 demonstrates a shift from regional plans and structure plans towards neighbourhood development plans (NDPs) as a new planning layer where neighbours are increasingly essential unties for local governance. This shift demonstrates dual objectives: centralising power to promote more development on the one hand; and devolving other powers down to the local, and the interactions between these two aims characterising of the UK’s current planning system. This paper reviews the backdrop in which the concept of NDP was born and how it has been employed in refined neighbourhoods within London’s urban and rural areas for demonstrating the varying features of NDPs across spaces and cases. It ends with a discussion

on the initial approaches to NDPs as a planning tool for any emerging communities in modern megacities as a reference.

沈尧（通信作者），博士，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室，助理教授，硕士生导师。eshenyao@tongji.edu.cn

徐怡怡，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，硕士研究生

罗伟斌，博士，英国伦敦大学学院，助理教授，博士生导师

杨滔，博士，中国城市规划设计研究院，高级城市规划师

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