崔燕宇 朱晓明

Cui Yanyu, Zhu Xiaoming

关键词：价值中性；历史地图；历史景观特征识别；多边形地块；叠合；地理信息系统

Keywords：Value Neutral; Historical Map; Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC); Polygons; Overlay; Geographic Information System (GIS)

摘要：

英格兰历史景观特征识别（HLC）项目秉持“所有类型都有价值，应据其自身特征去管理和经营”的价值原则，借助GIS 的历史地图叠合分析技术，于2017 年完成了对整个英格兰的地貌描述，并建立了一个对变化进行动态管理的操作系统。本研究首先简述了HLC 的起源、价值中性理念与原则。其次，通过对示范项目牛津郡HLC 的梳理，探讨了中性理念指导下历史地图叠合技术在HLC 中的运用，重点分析了定义多边形地块、统一术语表、建立数据库等关键技术环节。同时，介绍了HLC 在时间切片地图、历史价值评估、评价历史资源承载力方面的应用。最后，总结了HLC 在多学科融合、大比例尺地图的使用和人本视角思考等方面的启示，提出HLC 方法具有概括性，在分析中采取定性定量结合、定期更新等方式使成果接近客观中立的原则。

Abstract：

Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) Project in England upholds the value principle that “all types have value and all can be managed or curated in ways appropriate to their character”, and it relies on the historical map overlay of GIS to complete characterisation of the entire England territory and establish an operating system for managing changes. Firstly, this paper briefly describes the origin, value-neutral concept and principles of HLC. Secondly, through a review of the demonstration project Oxfordshire HLC, the application of GIS of historical map overlay under the neutral concept is discussed, focusing on several key technical links including defining polygons, thesaurus, and database. At the same time, the application of HLC in timeslice maps, historic significance values and assessing the capacity for change around five of Oxfordshire’s major settlements is introduced. Finally, it summarizes the enlightenment of HLC, including the integration of heritage protection, archaeology and cartography, the importance of large-scale maps, and the thinking of human perspective. It also puts forward the generalization and coexisting problems of HLC, and emphasizes the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis, regular updates and other technical means to deal with this problem, so that the results are close to the principle of objectivity and neutrality.

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