周聪惠

Zhou Conghui

关键词：微绿地 ；口袋公园 ；规划 ；绿地系统 ；空间布局 ；城市更新

Keywords：Micro Green Space; Pocket Park; Planning; Green Space System; Spatial Layout; Urban Renewal

摘要：

在众多高密度城市中，小微型绿地（微绿地）已逐渐成为户外游憩空间拓展主体。由于微绿地属于非传统绿地，其规划很难完全套用传统的绿地规划范式。为此，在回顾微绿地概念发展基础上，对微绿地概念内涵进行解析与界定，从功能、空间和运营管理三个方面将微绿地与传统绿地属性进行对比，辨析微绿地属性的特殊性。以此为依据，围绕微绿地规划中的功能定位、布局调控和发展用地保障三方面关键问题及其应对策略展开讨论。研究能帮助规划师和政府决策者更深入理解微绿地属性和价值特质，为相关调控策略制定提供针对性思路。

Abstract：

 In many high-density cities, micro green space has gradually become the main body in the expansion of outdoor recreation space. Because micro green space is one of unconventional green spaces, its planning is difficult to completely apply the planning paradigm adopted by conventional green space. Therefore, based on the review of the development of the concept of micro green space, this paper defines the connotation of the concept of micro green space, compares and discriminates the attributes of micro green space and conventional green space from three aspects of function, space and management, and identifies the particularity of the attributes of micro green space. On this basis, the key issues and countermeasures in micro green space planning are discussed from three aspects: function positioning, layout regulation, and development land guarantee. This research can help planners and government decision-makers to better understand the attributes and value characteristics of micro green space, and provide targeted ideas for the formulation of relevant regulation strategies.

周聪惠，博士，东南大学建筑学院，副教授，注册城乡规划师。 conghuizhou@seu.edu.cn

• [1] FARACI P. Vest pocket parks[R]. Chicago, USA: American Society of Planning Officials, 1967. 

  [2] London Gardens Trust. Roper’s gardens[EB/OL]. (2020-08-23)[2021- 06-27]. https://londongardenstrust.org/conservation/inventory/siterecord/?ID=KAC121. 

  [3] LABUZ R. Pocket park–a new type of green public space in Kraków (Poland)[C] // IOP conference series: materials science and engineering. Bristol: IOP Publishing, 2019. 
  

  [4] TATE A. Great city parks[M]. London: Spon Press, 2001. 

  [5] ZION R. Parks where the people are–the small midtown park[M] // SEYMOUR W N. Small urban spaces, the philosophy, design, sociology and politics of vest-pocket parks and other small urban open space. New York: New York University Press, 1969: 76. 

  [6] 陈静 . 基于生物群落多样性的高密度城区微绿地设计探讨 [J]. 风景园林 , 2014(1): 59-62. 

  [7] 常娜 . 咫尺空间·芥纳须弥——论珠三角高密度城市中心区微绿地的空间价值 [J]. 华南师范大学学报(社会科学版), 2018(1): 185-188.

  [8] 张浩鹏 . 美国 NRPA 关于口袋公园建设导则解读与启示 [J]. 中国城市林业 , 2019, 17(6): 25-29. 

  [9] MOELLER J. Standards for outdoor recreational areas[S]. Chicago, USA: American Society of Planning Officials, 1965. 

  [10] The Trust for Public Land. Pocket park toolkit[R]. San Francisco: The Trust for Public Land, 2020. 

  [11] Greater London Authority. The London plan, spatial development strategy for Greater London[R]. London: Greater London Authority, 2008. 

  [12] Environmental Partnership (NSW) Pty Ltd. Western Precinct open space and landscape masterplan[R]. Environmental Partnership (NSW) Pty Ltd., 2008. 

  [13] 上海市街心花园建设技术导则（试行）[S]. 上海 : 上海市绿化和市容管理局 , 2018. 

  [14] 周聪惠 . 公园绿地绩效的概念内涵及评测方法体系研究 [J]. 国际城市规划 , 2019, 35(2): 73-79. DOI: 10.22217/upi.2018.457. 

  [15] PIETRA U L, BRAYER M A, DORFLES G, et al. Abitare la città: ricerche, interventi, progetti nello spazio urbano dal 1960 al 2000[M]. Turin: U. Allemandi, 2011. 

  [16] RUPPRECHT C D D, BYRNE J A, GARDEN J G, et al. Informal urban greenspace: a typology and trilingual systematic review of its role for urban residents and trends in the literature[J]. Urban forestry & urban greening, 2015, 14(4): 883-908. 

  [17] W?ODARCZYK-MARCINIAK R, SIKORSKA D, KRAUZE K. Residents’awareness of the role of informal green spaces in a post-industrial city, with a focus on regulating services and urban adaptation potential[J]. Sustainable cities and society, 2020, 59: 102236. 

  [18] 金远 . 对城市绿地指标的分析 [J]. 中国园林 , 2006, 22(8): 56-60. 

  [19] 肖希 , 李敏 . 绿斑密度：高密度城市绿地规划布局适用指标研究——以澳门半岛为例 [J]. 中国园林 , 2017(7): 97-102. 

  [20] 仇保兴 . 重建城市微循环——一个即将发生的大趋势 [J]. 城市发展研究 , 2011(5): 1-13. 

  [21] 住房城乡建设部 . 住房城乡建设部关于加强生态修复城市修补工作的指导意见 [Z]. 北京: 住房城乡建设部 , 2017. 

  [22] NORDH H, ?STBY K. Pocket parks for people–a study of park design and use[J]. Urban forestry & urban greening, 2013, 12(1): 12-17. 

  [23] 王云才 , 杨眉 , 奉朝洋 . 高密度城区微绿地设计探讨——以上海城隍庙片区微绿地为例 [J]. 南方建筑 , 2017(2): 31-35. 

  [24] BARTON H, GRANT M, GUISE R. Shaping neighbourhoods: for local health and global sustainability[M]. London: Routledge, 2010. 

  [25] NORDH H, HARTIG T, HAGERHALL C M, et al. Components of small urban parks that predict the possibility for restoration[J]. Urban forestry & urban greening, 2009, 8(4): 225-235. 

  [26] HARNIK P. Urban green: innovative parks for resurgent cities[M]. Washington, DC: Island Press, 2010. 

  [27] ARMATO F. Pocket park: product urban design[J]. The design journal, 2017, 20(Supplement 1): S1869-S1878. 

  [28] 杨玲 , 吴岩 , 周曦 . 我国部分老城区单位和居住区附属绿地规划管控研究——以新疆昌吉市为例 [J]. 中国园林 , 2013, 29(3): 55-59. 

  [29] MARCUS C C, FRANCIS C. People places: design guidelines for urban open space[M]. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990. 

  [30] FRANCK K A, STEVENS Q. Loose space: possibility and diversity in urban life[M]. London: Routledge, 2007. 

  [31] MORAN D. Between outside and inside? prison visiting rooms as liminal carceral spaces[J]. GeoJournal, 2013, 78(2): 339-351. 

  [32] CURRIE M A. A design framework for small parks in ultra-urban, metropolitan, suburban and small town settings[J]. Journal of urban design, 2016, 22(1): 1-20. 

  [33] PIETRZYK-KASZY?SKA A, CZEPKIEWICZ M, KRONENBERG J. Eliciting non-monetary values of formal and informal urban green spaces using public participation GIS[J]. Landscape and urban planning, 2017, 160(Supplement C): 85-95. 

  [34] 周聪惠 . 精细化理念下的公园绿地集约型布局优化调控方法 [J]. 现代城市研究 , 2015(10): 47-54. 

  [35] 周聪惠, 张彧. 高密度城区小微型公园绿地布局调控方法[J]. 中国园林, 2021, 37(10): 60-65. 

  [36] DANFORD R S, STROHBACH M W, WARREN P S, et al. Active greening or rewilding the city: how does the intention behind small pockets of urban green affect use?[J]. Urban forestry & urban greening, 2018, 29: 377-383. 

  [37] ZHOU C, FU L, XUE Y, et al. Using multi-source data to understand the factors affecting mini-park visitation in Yancheng[J]. Environment and planning b: urban analytics and city science, 2021, 49(2): 754-770. 

  [38] RIOUX L, WERNER C M, MOKOUNKOLO R, et al. Walking in two French neighborhoods: a study of how park numbers and locations relate to everyday walking[J]. Journal of environmental psychology, 2016, 48: 169-184. 

  [39] Viewing NYC. Saturday, November 6th, 2021, good afternoon![EB/OL]. (2021-11-08)[2022-02-13]. https://viewing.nyc/media/43c1b3fc66ac71b0007e8 698a5316a9f/. 

  [40] WHYTE W H. The social life of small urban space[M]. New York: Project for Public Spaces Inc, 2001. 

  [41] Loving New York. Bryant Park in New York City[EB/OL]. (2020-03-24)[2021- 07-08]. https://loving-newyork.com/bryant-park-in-new-york-city/. 

  [42] RIGOLON A. A complex landscape of inequity in access to urban parks: a literature review[J]. Landscape and urban planning, 2016, 153(Supplement C): 160-169. 

  [43] 1961纽约市区划决议案 [M]. 黎淑翎 , 陈璐 , 于萍萍 , 译 . 广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2018.

• 收起