陈汉云 陈婷婷

Chan Edwin Hon-wan, Chen Tingting

关键词：高密度；紧凑；活力；香港

Keywords：High Density; Compact; Vitality; Hong Kong

摘要：

1841—1997 年间，香港曾为英国殖民地，并于1997 年回归中华人民共和国。这170 年间香港沧海桑田的巨变，主要受中西文化合璧的影响——既深受英国殖民地时代的影响，又保留着传统的中国文化，先进的规划理念、浓郁的现代气息和高度自治缔造出香港独特的都会文化与魅力。香港从一座小渔村发展成为国际金融中心和亚洲的经济、文化、航运中心，以及全球最受欢迎的旅游城市之一。香港亦是典型的山多平地少地区，政府以移山填海方式扩展土地，但超过65% 的土地仍未被开发。尽管近年来香港的楼市不断创新高，但香港政府大量兴建公营房屋，超过40%的家庭居住在租金低廉的公营房屋。在香港，贫富悬殊问题一直严重，有很多贫困人士生活条件恶劣，特别是老年人，仍居住在环境恶劣、狭小的居住空间中。通过回顾香港回归20 年以来城市的发展与变迁，本文探讨了受殖民地影响的城市发展模式是否依然适合当前香港城市发展的需求并迎接新的机遇与挑战？毗邻珠江三角洲地区的区位条件对香港的土地利用规划有何种影响？内地其他城市如何借鉴香港的城市发展经验？文物保护的争议仍会延续吗？“香港2030+”如何为年轻人和下一代提供改善城市环境的愿景？香港回归20 周年专辑收集的6 篇文章，回顾了香港的土地、经济、环境、文化保育和城市更新等方面的内容，并尝试回答上述问题，以期为新型城市化背景下中国的城市转型和城镇化过程提供一定的参考和借鉴。

Abstract：

Hong Kong had been a British Colony from 1841-1997 and it was returned to China in 1997. Under the British influence administratively and with the dominant underlying Chinese culture in the city, the planning system, actual land use and living patterns over the years up to 1997 have been unique, interesting and in many ways quite a successful envy to many cities. The city has grown from a fishing village on a barren rock into a well-known international city with finance power. It has created most of its urban land by reclamation. It is famous for its most dense living but yet it has over 65% of its natural land preserved undeveloped. In the several decades leading to 1997, its housing price had always been among the top expensive cities in the world, but it did not worry many low income citizens as there are over 40% householders living in very cheap public subsidized rental housing. It is home of many world famous tycoons and richest persons on earth and yet there are scenes of people living in unbelievable cramped space and cages and of undesirable living conditions of underprivileged groups, especially the elderly. With 20 years passed since 1997, it is be apt to review the land use planning and urban development in Hong Kong to see how matters related to land use have changed. Whether any theories or observations can be drawn from the 20 years’ experiences for us to embrace or question the urban development approach adopted under the British rule. By living in close connection with mainland China in the last 20 years, what are the impacts on Hong Kong’s land use planning? What Hong Kong and inland cities can learn from each other? Conservation of built heritage, mainly of British legacy, has been a focus for hot debates, and the pride for promoting local culture have brought with them political controversies. Are these related to the transition from British rule to the reunion with China? Have the young generation developed a new aspiration on the urban planning and living condition for years of 2030+? This editorial piece provides a general overall view of the topic “Hong Kong: Compact and Vibrant Urban Development Approach” to deliver a special issue of this journal to commemorate the 20th year of return of the Hong Kong sovereignty to China. Under the theme of this editorial, there are six articles from authors of diverse backgrounds. We hope readers, through digesting these papers and appreciating them in the historical and political context of Hong Kong, could find answers to the above questions and formulate their views contributing to the better urban planning for the good future of Hong Kong.

陈汉云，博士，香港理工大学建筑与环境学院，教授，博导。bsedchan@polyu.edu.hk

陈婷婷（通信作者），博士，中山大学地理科学与规划学院城市与区域规划系，副研究员；香港理工大学建筑与房地产系，高级研究助理。chentt53@mail.sysu.edu.cn

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