Bi Bo, Lin Wenqi, Xu Junping

Keywords： School District; Pattern; Decentralization; Bottom-Up; The US

Abstract：

Considering the criteria of school districting in China’s school district system reform, it is necessary to study how a school district pattern formed from the perspective of geography. Taking the US as example, this paper briefly describes the prototype of American school district, the expansion and consolidation of school districts since the 18th century, and the characteristics of contemporary system with its national pattern. It summarizes the driving forces forming American school district pattern from four aspects: property taxation, school system reform, population distribution and the history of racial segregation. It is concluded that American school district system originated from the tradition of bottom-up local autonomy, not a top-down product of state system. The formation of the school district pattern is a political geographical process under the decentralized system, rather than an administrative division, reflecting the pattern of socio-economic segregation simultaneously. Except the racial segregation factor, the dominant role of scale economy based on property taxation is also reflected. In terms of China, planning study needs to extend discussions at the policy level to clarify the connotation of school district and adapt it to local conditions, and to demonstrate the feasibility of school district construction comprehensively.

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