Liu Quan, Zhang Wanli, Qian Zhenghan

Keywords： TOD; Location Optimization Plan; Walking Scale; Aging; Compact City; Public Facility; Classification

Abstract：

Walking scale or walkable radius is one important basis to define the planning circle boundary for TOD areas. When determining the walking scale, emphasis is placed on average standards of the majority people, but special attention to the elderly and other specific groups is lacking. In recent years, Japan has developed the Location Optimization Plan widely, which has many similarities to TOD planning in terms of planning concepts and spatial patterns. One of the commonalities is to define the scope and divide the planning circle according to the walking scale. In rail station and bus station areas, the walking scale of Location Optimization Plan is similar to that of the TOD mode, but there are some differences in the connotations of walking scale. In Location Optimization Plan, the walking scale of station area pays more attention to the walking demands of the elderly. Based on the perspective of elderly people, the walking scale in TOD area could be summarized in three applications: firstly, as a planning principle to classify different levels and types of nodes; secondly, as a planning principle to divide different planning zones and adjust land use functions; and thirdly, as a planning principle to lay out public facilities, especially public welfare facilities. By adjusting the walking scale, Location Optimization Planning fully integrates the needs of elderly into land use planning and facility layout, thus making urban planning and construction more in line with the development needs of aging society.

Funds：

• [1] 彼得·卡尔索普. 未来美国大都市：生态·社区·美国梦[M]. 郭亮, 译. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2009.

  [2] 刘泉. TOD 地区规划圈层结构划分的影响要素[J]. 国际城市规划, 2017(5): 67-74. DOI: 10.22217/upi.2016.030.

  [3] 刘泉. 轨道交通TOD 地区的步行尺度[J]. 城市规划, 2019(3): 88-95.

  [4] 王京元, 郑贤, 莫一魁. 轨道交通TOD 开发密度分区构建及容积率确定——以深圳市轨道交通3 号线为例[J]. 城市规划, 2011(4): 30-35.

  [5] 周庆, 史相宾, 赵立志. 基于TOD模式的绿色城市组团设计策略研究[J]. 城市发展研究, 2013(3): 29-34.

  [6] LYNOTT J. Transit-oriented housing helps older adults live independent lives[EB/OL]. (2017)[2020-10-16]. https://www.aarp.org/livablecommunities/getting-around/info-2017/transit-oriented-development-seniorhousing-denver.html.

  [7] HE S, TH?GERSEN J, CHEUNG Y, et al. Ageing in a transit-oriented city: satisfaction with transport, social inclusion and wellbeing[J]. Transport policy, 2020, 97: 85-94.

  [8] 国土交通省. 立地適正化計画作成の手引き[R/OL]. (2018)[2020-07-31]. https://www.mlit.go.jp/toshi/city_plan/toshi_city_plan_tk_000035.html.

  [9] 上海市规划和国土资源管理局, 上海市规划编审中心, 上海市城市规划设计研究院. 上海15 分钟社区生活圈规划研究与实践[M]. 上海: 上海人民出版社, 2017.

  [10] 国土空间规划局. 市县国土空间总体规划编制指南[S]. 2019.

  [11] 安德鲁斯·杜安伊, 伊丽莎白·兹伊贝克, 罗伯特·阿尔米尼亚纳. 新城市艺术与城市规划元素[M]. 隋荷, 孙志刚, 译. 大连: 大连理工大学出版社, 2008.

  [12] 伊丽莎白·伯顿, 琳内·米切尔. 包容性的城市设计——生活街道[M]. 费腾, 付本臣, 译. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2009.

  [13] CANEPA B. Bursting the bubble: determining the transit-oriented development’s walkable limits[J]. Transportation research record: journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2007, 1992: 28-34.

  [14] 佐藤徹治. 日本的友好型城市政策——精明收缩与城市交通开发策略[J]. 王也, 译. 城市建筑, 2018(4): 32-40.

  [15] 国土交通省. コンパクト·プラス·ネットワークのモデル都市[R/OL]. [2020-07-28]. https://www.mlit.go.jp/common/001295518.pdf.

  [16] 森本章倫. 次世代交通とまちづくり[R/OL]. (2018-03-13)[2020-07-31]. http://www.nikkoken.or.jp/pdf/symposium/20180313morimoto.pdf.

  [17] 市原市. 市原市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2018)[2020-10-17]. https://www.city.ichihara.chiba.jp/joho/0202matidukuri/toshikeikakunogainen/ricchitekiseika.html.

  [18] 韩昊英. 日本1968 年《城市规划法》划线制度的实施成效及政策启示[J]. 北京规划建设, 2008(2): 81-85.

  [19] 李林波, 吴兵. 出行者心理因素对公共交通发展的影响[J]. 重庆交通学院学报, 2004(3): 94-97, 103.

  [20] 熊本市. 熊本市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2016)[2020-10-04]. https://www.city.kumamoto.jp/hpKiji/pub/detail.aspx?c_id=5&id=9398.

  [21] 金沢市. 金沢市集約都市形成計画[R/OL]. (2017)[2020-10-17]. https://www4.city.kanazawa.lg.jp/29001/kanazawanotokei/shuuyakutoshi/kanazawashishuuyakutoshikeiseikeikaku.html.

  [22] 飯田市. いいだ山里街づくり推進計画——飯田市版立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2020)[2020-10-17]. https://www.city.iida.lg.jp/site/tochi/ricchitekiseika-sakutei.html.

  [23] 枚方市. 枚方市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2017)[2020-07-28]. https://www.city.hirakata.osaka.jp/0000010553.html.

  [24] 北九州市. 北九州市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2016)[2020-07-28]. https://www.city.kitakyushu.lg.jp/ken-to/07900223.html.

  [25] 富山市活力都市創造部都市計画課. 富山市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2019)[2020-08-24]. https://www.city.toyama.toyama.jp/katsuryokutoshisouzoubu/toshikeikakuka/tosikeikaku/rittitekiseikakeikaku.html.

  [26] 相模原市. 相模原市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2020)[2020-10-24]. https://www.city.sagamihara.kanagawa.jp/shisei/machitsukuri/1019719.html.

  [27] 長崎市. 長崎市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2018)[2020-08-23]. https://www.city.nagasaki.lg.jp/sumai/650000/659001/p029291.html.

  [28] 八王子市. 八王子市立地適正化計画——人口減少時代の都市計画を進めるための基本方針[R/OL]. (2020)[2020-11-02]. https://www.city.hachioji.tokyo.jp/shisei/001/006/001/002/p024859.html.

  [29] 寝室川市. 寝室川市立地適正化計画概要版[R/OL]. (2018)[2020-10-17]. https://www.city.neyagawa.osaka.jp/organization_list/2zikuka/nijiku/riltuti/index.html.

  [30] 宇都宮市. 宇都宮市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2019)[2020-08-25]. https://www.city.utsunomiya.tochigi.jp/shisei/machizukuri/1014948/1009282.html.

  [31] 和歌山市. 和歌山市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2018)[2020-10-17]. http://www.city.wakayama.wakayama.jp/kurashi/douro_kouen_machi/1009501/1014259.html.

  [32] 神戸市. 神戸市都市空間向上計画[R/OL]. (2020)[2020-10-17]. https://www.city.kobe.lg.jp/a84931/shise/kekaku/jutakutoshikyoku/toshikukan/index.html.

  [33] 甲府市. 甲府市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2020)[2020-11-02]. https://www.city.kofu.yamanashi.jp/toshikekaku/rittitekiseika/keikakusakutei.html.

  [34] 豊川市. 豊川市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2017)[2020-10-17]. http://www.city.toyokawa.lg.jp/shisei/toshikaihatsu/toshikeikaku/rititekiseikamain.html.

  [35] 静岡市. 静岡市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2019)[2020-08-24]. https://www.city.shizuoka.lg.jp/601_000168.html.

  [36] 岐阜市. 岐阜市立地適正化計画[R/OL]. (2017)[2020-10-04]. https://www.city.gifu.lg.jp/28167.htm.

  [37] 沈振江, 林心怡, 马妍. 考察近年日本城市总体规划与生活圈概念的结合[J]. 城乡规划, 2018(6): 74-87.