Wen Ping, Zhao Pengjun, Zhou Suhong

Keywords： TOD; Commuting Travel Modes; Job and Housing Space; Residential Self-selection; Longitudinal Comparison; Tyne and Wear, Metropolitan Area; The UK

Abstract：

In car-dependent developed countries, transit-oriented development (TOD) is considered as an urban design approach guiding residents from car travel to public transport and other diversified travel modes. Many studies have examined the traffic impacts of TOD by comparing the travel modes of residents in TOD and non-TOD areas. However, many endogenous factors behind residents’ decisions on living and travelling among different individuals can hardly be tested in this method. Longitudinal comparisons on travel modes of the same group of individuals in both TOD and non-Tod neighborhoods would directly indicate the effects of TOD on individuals’ travel patterns. Taking Tyne and Wear Metropolitan Area in Northeast England as a case study, and analyzing data collected from three different TOD neighborhoods in this area in 2015, this paper explores the changes in job-housing spaces and commuting modes of residents after moving into these TOD neighborhoods. Results show that some residents’ job-housing spatial patterns have changed after moving. People who have to give up walking due to the increase in commuting distance have largely chosen metro instead of car as their alternatives. For those who need to keep automobile commuting, only a relatively small proportion have turned to metro and most of them moved from non-TOD neighborhoods. The impact of TOD on commuting is long-term. The gradual increasing use in metro has strengthened the acceptance of it, and may further influence residents’ decisions on car ownership and future relocation choices, thereby increasing long-term metro use. It could be concluded that TOD has a limited but profound impact on commuting modes.

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