Shen Yao, Xu Yiyi, Law Stephen, Yang Tao

Keywords： Localism; Neighbourhood Development Plan; Community Governance; Planning System; Megacity

Abstract：

The Localism Act 2011 demonstrates a shift from regional plans and structure plans towards neighbourhood development plans (NDPs) as a new planning layer where neighbours are increasingly essential unties for local governance. This shift demonstrates dual objectives: centralising power to promote more development on the one hand; and devolving other powers down to the local, and the interactions between these two aims characterising of the UK’s current planning system. This paper reviews the backdrop in which the concept of NDP was born and how it has been employed in refined neighbourhoods within London’s urban and rural areas for demonstrating the varying features of NDPs across spaces and cases. It ends with a discussion

on the initial approaches to NDPs as a planning tool for any emerging communities in modern megacities as a reference.

Funds：

• [1] SHARIFI A. From garden city to eco-urbanism: the quest for sustainable neighborhood development[J]. Sustainable cities and society, 2016, 20: 1-16.

  [2] CORRY D, STROKER G. New localism: refashioning the centre-local relation[M]. London: The New Local Government Network (NLGN), 2012.

  [3] BRENNER N, THEODORE N. Preface: from the “new localism” to the spaces of neoliberalism[J]. Antipode, 2002, 34(3): 341-347.

  [4] 徐瑾, 顾朝林. 英格兰城市规划体系改革新动态[J]. 国际城市规划, 2015, 30(3):78-83.

  [5] 张杰. 英国2004 年体系下发展规划实证研究——以英格兰地区为例[J]. 国际城市规划, 2015, 30(1): 86-93.

  [6] WILLIAMS A, GOODWIN M, CLOKE P. Neoliberalism, big society, and progressive localism[J]. Environment and planning a, 2014, 46: 2798-2815.

  [7] RACO M, STREET E, FREIRE-TRIGO S. The new localism, anti-political development machines, and the role of planning consultants: lessons from London’s South Bank[J]. Territory, politics, governance, 2016, 4: 2, 216-240.

  [8] HOLMAN N, RYDIN Y. What can social capital tell us about planning under localism?[J]. Local government studies, 2013, 39(1): 71-88.

  [9] CHETWYN D. Neighbourhood plans roadmap: a step-by-step guide[R]. 2018: 1-58.

  [10] PARKER G, SALTER K, HICKMAN H. Caution: examinations in progress the operation of neighbourhood plan examinations in England[J]. Town and country planning, 2016, 85(12): 516-522.

  [11] TALEN E. Plan vs. process: the case of neighbourhood planning[J]. Built environment, 2019, 45(2): 173-189.

  [12] BRADLEY Q. The political identities of neighbourhood planning in England[J]. Space and polity, 2015, 19(2): 97-109.

  [13] BRADLEY Q. Neighbourhood planning and the impact of place identity on housing development in England[J]. Planning theory & practice, 2017, 18(2): 233-248.

  [14] WILLS J. Emerging geographies of English localism: the case of neighbourhood planning[J]. Political geography, 2016, 53: 43-53.

  [15] GALLENT N, ROBINSON S. Neighbourhood planning: communities, networks and governance[M]. Policy Press, 2012.

  [16] VIGAR G, BROOKES L, GUNN Z. The innovative potential of

  neighbourhood plan-making[J]. Town & country planning, 2012, 81(7/8): 317-319.

  [17] 汪越, 谭纵波. 英国近现代规划体系发展历程回顾及启示——基于

  土地开发权视角[J]. 国际城市规划, 2019, 34(2): 94-100. DOI: 10.22217/upi.2017.492.

  [18] BRADLEY Q, SPARLING W. The impact of neighbourhood planning and

  localism on housebuilding in England[J]. Housing, theory and society, 2016, 13(1): 1-13.

  [19] DEKKER P, USLANER E M. Social capital and participation in everyday life (Vol. 23)[M]. Routledge, 2003.