DOI: 10.19830/j.upi.2020.442
The Operation Mode of Urban Renewal Controlled by FAR Bank in the United States: Case Studies of New York City and Seattle

Weng Chao, Zhuang Yu

Keywords: FAR Bank; Urban Renewal; Operation Mode; Comparative Analysis; Urban Design; Public Policy; Transfer of Development Rights; High Density Urban Development

Abstract:

FAR banks were originally created to counter some of the difficulties posed by the use of Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) technique. In the urban renewal process, FAR banks fill the timing gap of the market, act as a clearing house and information platform, and help a lot with TDR transactions. Study on the operation mode of FAR bank in United States provides references for China in exploring the incentive zoning method in urban renewal programs. Through the study of definition, function and development history of FAR bank, by using comparative analysis of FAR bank in both New York City and Seattle, this paper tries to sort out the operation mode and application result of FAR bank in different urban scales. While Seattle FAR bank deals with urban renewal program on the cityscale, FAR bank in New York City tries to tackle the issue in the district context, especially in Special South Street Seaport District. Both of them make a great contribution to the historic assets preservation and public facility construction, at the same time, they promotee urban renewal process by introducing new stimulating interests to the city.


Funds:

Brief Info of Author(s):

References:
  • [1] BARNETT J. Urban design as public policy: practical methods for improving cities[M]. Architectural Record Books, 1974.

    [2] STEINER F, BUTLER K, American Planning Association. Planning and urban design standards[M]. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2007.

    [3] 陈佳骊. 美国新泽西州土地发展权转移银行的运作模式及其启示[J]. 中国土地科学, 2011, 25(5): 85-90.

    [4] 洪霞, 郭磊. 美国土地开发权转让政策浅析——以华盛顿州金县为例[C]. 持续发展 理性规划——2017 中国城市规划年会论文集(14 规划实施与管理), 北京: 中国城市规划学会, 2017.

    [5] 戴锏. 美国容积率调控技术的体系化演变及应用研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2010.

    [6] NORLING J. Transferable development rights mitigation banking[C] // Transferable Development Seminar. Queensland Environmental Law Association, 2001.

    [7] Situ Studio. Uneven growth: tactical urbanisms for expanding mega cities[R]. New York City: New Brooklyn Digital Foundry, 2014.

    [8] KAPLOWITZ M D, MACHEMER P, PRUETZ R. Planners' experiences in managing growth using transferable development rights (TDR) in the United States[J]. Land use policy, 2008, 25(3): 378-387.

    [9] FULTON W. TDRs and other market-based land mechanisms: how they work and their role in shaping metropolitan growth[R]. The Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Meropolitan Policy, 2004.

    [10] BRINKLEY M H. Where is TDR working and how would we know: results from a nationwide study of TDR program components and outcomes[D]. East Lansing: Michigan State University, 2007.

    [11] NELSON A C, PRUETZ R, WOODRUFF D, et al. The TDR handbook: designing and implementing successful transfer of development rights programs[M]. Washington: Island Press, 2011.

    [12] City Planning Commission, The City of New York. Zoning resolution: 91-60 regulations for the South Street Seaport Subdistrict[S/OL]. (2011-02-02)[2021-04-19]. https://zr.planning.nyc.gov/article-ix/chapter-1#91-60.

    [13] Department of City Planning. A survey of transferable development rights mechanisms in New York City[R]. New York City: Department of City Planning, 2015.

    [14] STEVENSON S J. Banking on TDRS: the government's role as banker of transferable development rights[J]. New York University law review, 1998, 73(4): 1329-1376.

    [15] City of Seattle. Seattle TDR Map[DB/OL]. (2016)[2021-04-19]. https://data.seattle.gov/dataset/TDR-Map/h2ae-fhe9.


TOP 10