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2015年第2期   DOI:
韧性概念的重新审视
The Concept of Resilience Revisited

西亚姆巴巴拉· 伯纳德· 曼耶纳 著 张益章 刘海龙 译

Written by Siambabala Bernard Manyena Translated by Zhang Yizhang, Liu Hailong

关键词:灾害韧性;灾害风险控制;脆弱性

Keywords:Disaster Resilience; Disaster Risk Reduction; Vulnerability

摘要:

自《2005—2015 兵库行动框架》被采纳以来,受灾社区的恢复力紧密取决于受灾社区的韧性,已经成为灾害风险控制项目的共同特征。现在人们越来越多地关注受灾社区在灾难发生后不依靠或少依靠外部援助而“反弹”或恢复的能力。与其仅仅关注受灾对象的需求和弱点,不如把着眼点放在应对灾难的韧性上,这突出了灾害风险控制领域需要转变。然而在灾害学界的研究和学术领域,对韧性这一概念达成共识依然是个挑战。本文梳理了不同情况下韧性的定义,脆弱性在韧性主题中所扮演的角色和意义,以及脆弱性和韧性之间的差异。文章最后探讨和总结了韧性思维在我们认识和应对灾害时所具有的指导意义。


Abstract:

The intimate connections between disaster recovery by and the resilience of affected communities have become common features of disaster risk reduction programmes since the adoption of The Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. Increasing attention is now paid to the capacity of disasteraffected communities to ’bounce back’ or to recover with little or no external assistance following a disaster. This highlights the need for a change in the disaster risk reduction work culture, with stronger emphasis being put on resilience rather than just need or vulnerability. However, varied conceptualisations of resilience pose new philosophical challenges. Yet achieving a consensus on the concept remains a test for disaster research and scholarship. This paper reviews the concept in terms of definitional issues, the role of vulnerability in resilience discourse and its meaning, and the differences between vulnerability and resilience. It concludes with some of the more immediately apparent implications of resilience thinking for the way we view and prepare for disasters.


版权信息:本文原载于《灾害学》2006 年第4 期(Disasters, 2006, 30[4]: 434-450); 威立- 布莱克维尔(Wiley-Blackwell)出版集团授权本刊发表中译文
基金项目:
作者简介:

西亚姆巴巴拉· 伯纳德· 曼耶纳,英国诺森比亚大学应用科学学院灾害与发展中心,助理研究员。bernard.manyena@unn.ac.uk


译者简介:

张益章,清华大学建筑学院硕士研究生。cyc0622@outlook.com

刘海龙,博士,清华大学建筑学院副教授、博导。liuhlong@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn


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