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2015年第2期   DOI:
城市减灾:创建韧性城市
Urban Hazard Mitigation: Creating Resilient Cities

戴维·R·戈德沙尔克 著 许婵 译

Written by David R. Godschalk Translated by Xu Chan

关键词:城市地区;补救措施;灾害;恐怖主义

Keywords:Urban Areas; Remedial Action; Hazards; Terrorism

摘要:

城市是复杂而相互依赖的系统,在自然灾害和恐怖主义面前极度脆弱。本文提出了一个综合的城市减灾策略,旨在创建韧性城市来抵御这两类威胁。本文回顾了减灾实践,定义了韧性城市,分析了韧性与恐怖主义之间的关系,讨论了韧性为什么重要,以及如何将其原则应用到城市的物质和社会元素中去。本文认为现有的减灾政策、实践和知识不能应对城市在压力之下呈现出的独有特征,因而提出了一项宏大的韧性城市计划,包括广泛的城市系统研究、教育和培训,以及增强与城市建设和减灾相关的职业群体之间的合作。


Abstract:

Cities are complex and interdependent systems, extremely vulnerable to threats from both natural hazards and terrorism. This paper proposes a comprehensive strategy of urban hazard mitigation aimed at the creation of resilient cities, able to withstand both types of threats. The paper reviews hazard mitigation practice, defines a resilient city, considers the relationship between resilience and terrorism, and discusses why resilience is important and how to apply its principles to physical and social elements of cities. Contending that current hazard mitigation policy, practice, and knowledge fail to deal with the unique aspects of cities under stress, the paper recommends a major resilient cities initiative, including expanded urban systems research, education and training, and increased collaboration among professional groups involved in city building and hazard mitigation.


版权信息:本文原载于《自然公害评论》2003 年第3 期(Natural Hazards Review, 2003, 4[3]: 136-143);美国土木工程师学会(ASCE: the American Society of Civil Engineers)授权本刊发表中译文
基金项目:
作者简介:

戴维· R · 戈德沙尔克,博士,北卡罗来纳大学城市与区域规划系,教授。dgod@email.unc.edu


译者简介:

许婵,北京大学城市与环境学院人文地理系博士研究生。xuchan@pku.edu.cn


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