冷红 李姝媛

Leng Hong, Li Shuyuan

关键词：气候变化 ；健康风险 ；适应性规划 ；国际经验 ；国土空间规划

Keywords：Climate Change; Health Risk; Adaptive Planning; International Experience; Spatial Planning

摘要：

随着气候变化对健康的影响不断加剧，如何有效降低健康风险、保障居民的健康安全，对城市规划提出了极具复杂性的挑战。本文在分析气候变化对健康的影响以及应对气候变化健康风险的适应性规划意义的基础上，重点对适应性规划的国际经验进行总结分析，包括制定政策与计划，提供技术支持，实施信息监测，开展相关研究等 ；并进一步将国际经验与中国国土空间规划发展现况相结合，提出重视气候变化健康风险评估、加强应对气候变化健康风险规划编制以及推进应对气候变化健康风险的规划实施监督等相关启示与建议。

Abstract：

With the increasing impact of climate change on health, how to reduce health risks effectively and protect the healthy safety of residents is an extremely complex challenge for urban planning. Based on the analysis of the impact of climate change on health and the significance of adaptation planning to address climate change health risks, this paper focuses on the international experience of adaptation planning to cope with health risks of climate change, includes formulating policies and plans, providing technical tools, implementing risk information monitoring, and conducting relative research. Furthermore, combining the international experience with the development status of China’s spatial planning, this paper puts forward enlightenment and suggestions in terms of emphasizing the health risk assessment of climate change, strengthening the formulation of plans to cope with health risks of climate change, and promoting the implementation supervision of the planning to cope with the health risks 

of climate change.

冷红（通信作者），博士，哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院，寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室，教授，博士生导师。hitlaura@126.com

李姝媛，哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院，寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室，博士研究生。hitlishuyuan@126.com

• [1] The Lancet. The 2019 report of The Lancet Countdown climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today by a changing climate[R/OL](2019-11-13)[2020-10-22]. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(19)32596-6/fulltext.

  [2] 蔡闻佳 , 惠婧璇 , 宫鹏 , 等 . 中国应对气候变化和改善公众健康的挑战与政策建议 [J]. 科学通报 , 2018, 63(13): 1205-1210.

  [3] IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[R/OL]. (2014)[2020-10-22]. https://ar5-syr.ipcc.ch/ipcc/ipcc/resources/pdf/IPCC_SynthesisReport.pdf.   

  [4] FORD J D, WILLOX A C, CHATWOOD S, et al. Adapting to the effects of climate change on Inuit health[J]. American journal of public health, 2014, 104: e9–e17.

  [5] BIAGINI B, BIERBAUM R, STULTS M, et al. A typology of adaptation actions: a global look at climate adaptation actions financed through the global environment facility[J]. Global environmental change human & policy dimensions, 2014, 25(1): 97-108.

  [6] ARAOS M, AUSTIN S E, BERRANG-FORD L, et al. Public health adaptation to climate change in large cities: a global baseline[J]. International journal of health services, 2016, 46(1): 53-78.

  [7] Climate-Ready States and Cities Initiative. CalBRACE adaptation toolkit[EB/OL]. [2020-10-22]. https://cdphdata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/MapSeries/index.html?appid=4093397556b4450ea563f23fcf353c64.

  [8] World Health Organization. Quantitative risk assessment of the effects of climate change on selected causes of death, 2030s and 2050s[R/OL]. (2014)[2020-10-22]. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/ 134014/9789241507691_eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y.

  [9] CAMPBELL-LENDRUM D, WOODRUFF R. Climate change: quantifying the health impact of climate change at national and local levels[R/OL]. (2007)[2020-10-22]. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=0B4715CC997775B985E41D0242423E5B?doi=10.1.1.378.1553&rep=rep1&type=pdf.

  [10] WATTS N, ADGER W N, AGNOLUCCI P, et al. Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health: the Lancet Commissions[J]. The Lancet, 2015, 6736(15): 60854-60856.

  [11] United States Global Change Research Program. The impacts of climate change on human health in the United States: a scientific assessment[EB/OL]. [2020-10-22]. http://dx.doi.org/10.7930/J0R49NQX.

  [12] AUBRECHT C, ?ZCEYLAN D. Identification of heat risk pat-terns in the U.S. National Capital Region by integrating heat stress and related vulnerability[J]. Environment international, 2013, 56: 65-77.

  [13] LANKAO P R, QIN H. Conceptualizing urban vulnerability to global climate and environmental change[J]. Current opinion in environmental sustainability, 2011, 3(3): 142-149.

  [14] WEBER S, SADOFF N, ZELL E, et al. Policy-relevant indicators for mapping the vulnerability of urban populations to extreme heat events: a case study of Philadelphia[J]. Applied geography, 2015, 63: 231-243.

  [15] 薛倩 , 谢苗苗 , 郭强 , 等 . 地理学视角下城市高温热浪脆弱性评估研究进展 [J]. 地理科学进展 , 2020, 39(4): 685-694.

  [16] 程义斌 , 金银龙 , 李永红 , 等 . 武汉市高温对心脑血管疾病死亡的影响 [J]. 环境与健康杂志 , 2009, 26(3): 224. 

  [17] 赵金琦 , 金银龙 . 气候变化对人类环境与健康影响 [J]. 环境与健康杂志 , 2010, 27(5): 462-465.

  [18] ASTRM C, ROCKLV J, HALES S, et al. Potential distribution of dengue fever under scenarios of climate change and economic development[J]. Ecohealth, 2012, 9(4): 448-454.

  [19] 王灏晨 , 路凤 , 武继磊 , 等 . 中国气候变化对人口健康影响研究评述 [J]. 科技导报 , 2014, 32(Z2): 109-116.

  [20] 李永红 , 程义斌 , 金银龙 , 等 . 气候变化及其对人类健康影响的研究进展 [J]. 医学研究杂志 , 2008, 37(9): 96-97.

  [21] 曹毅 , 常学奇 , 高增林 . 未来气候变化对人类健康的潜在影响 [J]. 环境与健康杂志 , 2001, 18(5): 312-315. 

  [22] 邴启亮 , 李鑫 , 罗彦 . 韧性城市理论引导下的城市防灾减灾规划探讨 [J]. 规划师 , 2017, 33(8): 12-17.

  [23] City of New York. A stronger, more resilient New York[R/OL]. (2013-06-11)[2020-10-22]. http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/sirr/SIRR_singles_Hi_res.pdf.

  [24] PANIC M, FORD J. A review of national-level adaptation planning with regards to the risks posed by climate change on infectious diseases in 14 OECD nations[J]. International journal of environmental research & public health, 2013, 10(12): 7083-7109.

  [25] United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC’ s Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (BRACE) Framework[EB/OL]. [2020-10-22]. https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/brace.htm.

  [26] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Climate-Ready States & Cities Initiative Grantees[EB/OL]. [2020-10-22]. https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/crsci_grantees.htm.

  [27] STEPHANIE A, JAMES F, LEA B F, et al. Public health adaptation to climate change in Canadian jurisdictions[J]. International journal of environmental research and public health, 2015, 12(1): 623-651.

  [28] HM Government. UK climate change risk assessment 2017[R/OL]. (2017-01)[2020-10-22]. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/

  uploads/attachment_data/file/584281/uk-climate-change-risk-assess-2017.pdf.

  [29] Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs. The national adaptation programme and the third strategy for climate adaptation reporting[R/OL]. (2018-07-18)[2020-10-22]. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/727252/national-adaptation-programme-2018.pdf.

  [30] NHS England, Healthcare System Adaptation Report Working Group. Adaptation report for the healthcare system 2015[R/OL]. (2015-08-14)[2020-10-22]. https://www.

  sduhealth.org.uk/areas-of-focus/community-resilience/adaptation-report.aspx. 

  [31] Climate and Health Alliance. Framework for a national strategy on climate, health and well-being for Australia[R/OL]. (2017-07)[2020-10-22]. 

  https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/caha/pages/40/attachments/

  original/1498008324/CAHA_Framework_for_a_National_Strategy_on_Climate_Health_and_Well-being_v05_SCREEN_%28Full_Report%29.pdf?1498008324.

  [32] State of Queensland, Climate and Health Alliance, National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility. Queensland Climate Adaptation Strategy: Human Health and Wellbeing Climate Change Adaptation Plan for Queensland[R/OL]. (2018)[2020-10-22]. https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/caha/pages/1573/attachments/original/1536565697/H-CAP_Final.pdf?1536565697.

  [33] California Department of Public Health. California Building Resilience Against Climate Effects (CALBRACE)[EB/OL]. [2020-10-22] https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OHE/Pages/CC-Health-Vulnerability-Indicators.aspx.

  [34] United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tracking in action [EB/OL]. [2020-10-22]. https://ephtracking.cdc.gov/showTrackingInAction.

  [35] United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National environmental public health tracking[EB/OL]. [2020-10-22]. https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/tracking/about.htm. 

  [36] LEVISON M M, BUTLER A J, REBELLATO S, et al. Development of a climate change vulnerability assessment using a public health lens to determine local health vulnerabilities: an Ontario health unit experience[J]. 

  International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018，15(10) ：2237. DOI ：10.3390/ijerph15102237.

  [37] MADRIGANO J, ITO K, JOHNSON S, et al. A case-only study of vulnerability to heat wave-related mortality in New York City (2000-2011)[J]. Environmental health perspectives, 2015, 123(7): 672-678.

  [38] FORD J D, SMITH T R, BERRANG-FORD L. Canadian federal support for climate change and health research compared with the risks posed[J]. American journal of public health, 2011, 101(5): 814-21.

  [39] 杨柳青 , 陈雯 , 吴加伟 , 等 . 适应气候变化的空间规划研究进展 ：内容和方法[J]. 国际城市规划, 2020, 35(4): 96-103. DOI: 10.19830/j.upi.2019.164.

  [40] 丁国胜 , 王占勇 . 基于 HIA 将健康融入城市总体规划的路径构建——以美国俄克拉荷马城探索为例 [J]. 城市发展研究 , 2020, 27(8): 20-28.

  [41] 李磊 , 陈天 . 滨海低地城市鹿特丹应对气候变化灾害的策略及路径 [J/OL]. 国际城市规划 : 1-13[2021-04-28]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5583.TU.20191218.1639.002.html.

  
  

• 收起