栾峰 薛皓颖

Luan Feng, Xue Haoying

关键词：意大利产业区；产业集聚；政策；中小企业；空间分布特征

Keywords：Italian Industrial District (IID); Industry Agglomeration; Policy; Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs); Spatial Distribution Characteristics

摘要：

意大利产业区经历了从学术概念到统计单位，直至产业空间政策的演化过程。作为一项政策，意大利产业区通过推动传统中小企业集聚发展扶持“意大利制造”特别是“意大利传统制造”，进而扶持欠发达地区发展和地方经济竞争力提升，已经成为“第三意大利”现象的重要支撑。通过历史回顾、政策解读，并结合全国和威内托大区层面的产业区和企业分布特征剖析，本文发现传统中小企业具有重要的促进就业和改善欠发达地区经济发展状况的作用，通过产业区政策进行扶持具有重要的现实意义；产业区的遴选和主导产业确定需要体现政策导向，但在产业区的区位选择上，既要面向欠发达地区以落实政策导向，也要避开偏远山区，并注重区域交通的便利性等因素，以促进产业区更具效率的发展和竞争力提升；产业区内，则应采取更为综合性的措施，为企业发展改善运营环境，并且积极促进企业的集聚发展。在当前我国宏观经济背景下，应借鉴意大利产业区的经验，鼓励在以往主要面向效率的政策基础上，更多聚焦于改善欠发达地区和扶持传统中小微企业集聚发展。

Abstract：

Italian Industrial District (IID) has experienced the evolution process from academic concept to statistical unit, then to industrial space policy (ISP). As a policy, the IID supports the development of underdeveloped regions and promotes the competitiveness of local economy by promoting the agglomeration development of traditional small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and supporting the development of “made in Italy”, especially the development of “traditional Italian manufacturing”, which has become an important supporting factor of the Third Italian phenomenon. Through historical review, policy interpretation, and spatial analysis of IIDs and SMEs in the country and Veneto region, the paper points out that the traditional SMEs play an important role in promoting employment and improving the economic development in underdeveloped areas, so it is of great practical significance to support them through industrial district policies; the selection of industrial district and the determination of leading industries should follow the policy orientation, however, in terms of location selection of industrial district, we should not only follow the policy orientation of supporting underdeveloped areas, but also avoid the remote mountainous areas and pay more attention to the convenience of regional transportation, so as to promote the more efficient development and enhance the competitiveness of the industrial district; and in the industrial district, more comprehensive measures should be taken to improve the operating environment for the development of enterprises, and to promote the agglomeration development of enterprises. On the context of current macroeconomy, by offering the case of IIDs, we hope that we could not only focus on the efficiency of our industry but also pay more attention on the less developed regions and to support the agglomeration of traditional manufacturing SMEs.

栾峰，博士，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教授，兼任上海市城市更新及其空间优化技术重点实验室分实验中心主任。luanfeng@tongji.edu.cn

薛皓颖（通信作者），硕士，上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司规划师。haoying.xue@foxmail.com

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