钱天健

Qian Tianjian

关键词：城市街道；媒体签到数据；城市动态感知；空间环境偏好；网络分析；城市计算；意大利；米兰

Keywords：Urban Streets; Media Check-in Data; Urban Dynamic Sensing; Space Environment Preference; Network Analysis; Urban Computing; Italy; Milan

摘要：

街道建立了城市的内在联系，是城市生活的载体。不同于承载相对独立和单一功能的建筑建成空间，城市街道的使用总是随着其周边土地和建筑空间的使用情况而变化，海量记录个人行为模式的地理大数据应用为街道使用动态感知提供了可能性。本文通过收集四方和谷歌繁忙时段提供的媒体签到数据，运用网络影响模型，对米兰中心城区街道进行使用模式的动态聚类分析，得到“倒U 型”“M型”“一型”三类街道使用模式。其中倒U 型总体使用强度最高，M 型次之，一型最低。根据聚类分析的结果进一步探讨人群使用偏好与空间环境的关系，本文总结得出城市街道规划设计中提升街道对人群的吸引力的方式，包括：用地方面，增加用地多样性和公共服务占比；交通方面，充分利用地铁站点开发，减少公交线路干扰，控制道路宽度，增加路网密度；空间感知方面，增加界面密度，减少天空视域，增加高宽比，减少面宽比；视觉感知方面，控制绿化干扰，增加城市家具、特色标志物和店面数量等。

Abstract：

Streets establish the inner connection of the city and are the carrier of urban life. Different from the built-up buildings carrying relatively independent and single function, the usages of urban street always change with the use of surrounding land and building space; and the application of geo-big data which records individual behavior provides the possibility for dynamic sensing of street use. By collecting media check-in data from Foursquare and Google Popular Times, this paper applies a network influence model to analyze the functional changing patterns of selected streets in Central Milan and finds three types of street usage patterns, which are “inverted U-shaped”, “M-shaped”and “Linear-shaped”. The “inverted U-shaped” has the highest usage intensity, followed by “M-shaped” and “Linear-shaped”. Based on the result of clustering analysis, the relationship between people’s preference and space environment is further discussed in this paper, which shows ways to enhance street attraction in urban street planning and design. These ways include (1) at the land use level, increasing land use diversity and public service proportion; (2) at the traffic level, making use of subway station, reducing bus line interference, controlling road width and increasing road network density; (3) at the spatial perception level, increasing interface density, reducing sky view, increasing H/D ratio and reducing W/D ratio; (4) at the visual perception level, controlling green view and increasing number of urban furniture, landmarks and shops.

钱天健，硕士，华东建筑设计研究总院，规划师。qiantianjian@foxmail.com

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