2024年第2期 DOI：10.19830/j.upi.2023.430
基于建筑密度分布的中国城市空间生长特征及影响因素研究
Research on the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Urban Spatial Growth in China Based on Building Density Distribution
李迎成 钟笑寒 祁俊衡 胡明星
Li Yingcheng, Zhong Xiaohan, Qi Junheng, Hu Mingxing
关键词：建筑密度；空间生长；负指数函数；城市蔓延；可持续性
Keywords：Building Density; Spatial Growth; Negative Exponential Function; Urban Sprawl; Sustainability
摘要：
建筑密度是衡量城市空间密度的重要指标之一，其在城市内部的分布模式一定程度上反映了城市水平尺度的空间生长特征。因此，探讨城市内部建筑密度的分布规律对于揭示城市空间生长的基本特征、制定促进城市可持续生长的规划策略具有重要意义。本文以中国287 个地级及以上城市为研究样本，采用2000 年、2010 年和2020 年三期100 m 栅格尺度下的建筑密度数据，构建了基于建筑密度圈层梯度分析的城市边缘生长度指标，对样本城市水平尺度的空间生长特征进行了研究。主要结论包括：（1）城市建筑密度的分布整体上由中心向外围渐缓递减，其可通过负指数函数进行较好的拟合；（2）大部分城市在2000—2010 年和2010—2020 年两个时间段内呈现出进一步边缘生长的特征，边缘生长度的增长幅度由高到低依次为大城市、中等城市、超大和特大城市、小城市，但小城市的增长幅度在统计意义上不显著；（3）自然地理条件、人口与经济规模、宏观政策与规划引导是影响城市空间生长特征以及不同规模城市差异的重要因素。
Abstract：
Building density is one of the important indicators to measure urban spatial density, and its intracity distribution pattern could to some extent reflect a city’s spatial growth features at the horizontal scale. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the distribution law of intra-city building density to reveal the basic characteristics of urban spatial growth and formulate planning strategies to promote sustainable urban growth. In this paper, 287 cities at the prefecture level and above in China are taken as research samples, and the building density data in 2000, 2010 and 2020 at the 100-meter grid scale are used to construct the urban peripheral growth index based on the gradient analysis of building density in concentric rings from the urban center. The index is utilized to study the spatial growth features of the sample cities and the main conclusions are as follows: (1) The distribution of urban building density gradually decreases from the center to the periphery, which can be better fitted by negative exponential function; (2) Most of the cities in 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 show the features of increasing peripheral growth. The increasing peripheral growth index from high to low is in the order of big cities, medium-sized cities, super- and mega- cities, small cities, while that of the small cities is not statistically significant; (3) Natural geographical conditions, population and economic
scale, macro-policy and planning guidance are important factors affecting urban spatial growth features and the discrepancy of cities of different scales.
版权信息：
基金项目：国家重点研发计划课题（2022YFC3800201）
作者简介：
李迎成，东南大学建筑学院，教授，博导。lychls@seu.edu.cn
钟笑寒，东南大学建筑学院，硕士研究生
祁俊衡，东南大学建筑学院，博士研究生
胡明星（通信作者），东南大学建筑学院，教授，博导。hmxglx@126.com